CSS Syllabus

CSS Syllabus for the subject of  Geography 

Part I: Physical Geography (50 Marks)

I- Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic factors, origin and evolution of earth’s crust; physical conditions of the earth’s interior, geosnclines, continental drift, isostasy, sea-floor spreading, plate tectonics, mountain building, volcanity, earthquakes, concept of geomorphic cycles, landforms associated with fluvial, arid, glacial, coastal and Karst cycle; groundwater.

II- Elements and factors of climate, structure and composition of atmosphere, insulation, temperature, pressure belts of the world, heat-budget of the earth, atmospheric circulation, planetry monsoon and local winds, air-masses and fronts, Hydrological cycle, types of condensation and precipitation, factors of global distribution of precipitation.

III- Origin of oceans and seas, charistic features of ocean basins, temperature, salinity distribution; cause and effects, ocean floor deposits, their characteristics and classification, ocean circulation, waves, currents and tides, their nature, causes and effects.

IV- Factors of climate and environmental change, transformation nature by man; environmental degradation and conservation, nature and types of pollution, problems caused by pollution, global warming, global environment patterns, environmental hazards and risk management.

                       Part II: Human Geography (50 Marks)

I- Origin and diffusion of culture, Geographic patterns of culture, classification of languages, world distribution of languages, Indo-European languages. Origin of religions, diffusion of religions; global distribution, regional conflicts, ethnicities and nationalalities, ethnic conflicts, ethnic diversity in the world, factors of ethnic cleansing, ethnic cleansing in the world, development indicators, economic indicators, social indicators, health indicators, development through trade, impacts of development indicators.

II- Factors affecting agriculture, subsistence, agriculture and population growth, commercial agriculture and market forces, sustainable agriculture, types and distribution of agriculture, factors of industrial locations, the Industrial Revolution, industrial theories, distribution of industries and industrial estates, renewable resources, recycling resources, sustainable resources.

III- Factors of population growth, components of change, population structure, the Demographic transition, world distribution of population, over and under population threats and their consequences, models of internal structure of cities, world urban patterns, settlement theories, patterns and problems with urban areas.

IV- Politics, Geography and Political Geography, state as a politico- geographical phenomenon, state, Nation and the nation-state, world politics and International Relations, Geopolitics of uneven development and globalisation of capital, geography of tourism and recreation, the demand for tourism and recreation, the impact of tourism and recreation (socio-economic impacts, physical-environmental impacts), global patterns of health and diseases, models in Medical Geography, recent issues and developments.